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Alice Agnéus in #Babati #Tanzania The main sourc

Alice Agnéus in #Babati #Tanzania

The main source of income is small scale farming and livestock keeping for the citizens of Babati District. Many households have a small plot of land that they’re cultivating for their own purposes. This was made possible with the legislation of land rights through different national land acts.

The District is characterized by a varying landscape. It is shaped by hills, mountains and lowlands with a wide range of 950 m to 2450 m above sea level. The crops being used therefore varies a lot depending on the altitude and rainfall. Some of the most common crops are maize, banana, red beans, rice, pigeon peas, sesame, sunflower, avocado, coffee, potatoes and tomatoes. These crops are then being sold at food markets. The leftovers are brought back home to either be eaten by the family directly or kept in a food storage for later use.

To cultivate and maintain the land, many people have a mixed crop-livestock sustaining lifestyle. The most ordinary animals are chickens, cows, goats, sheep and occasionally pigs and rabbits. The animals’ disposal can be used as fertilizer and the cows provide milk as well as workforce when ploughing the fields or pulling carts. All animals mentioned can also be used for other purposes, for example be sold for profit or become food. With all this being said, the citizens are susceptible for environmental changes as they are depending on the surrounding climate for their crops to grow and to feed the livestock.

Picture 1: Livestock keeping of cows, sheep and goats and at the right side you can see sesame crops.

Picture 2: A maize field and a small house.

Hanna Geschewski in #Kathmandu #Nepal Throughout

Hanna Geschewski in #Kathmandu #Nepal

Throughout my fieldwork in Tangiya Basti, the coronavirus pandemic felt far away. Although Nepal shares a common border with heavily affected China, there was only one confirmed case for a long time. Tourism Minister Yogesh Bhattarai even went so far as to declare Nepal a "coronavirus-free zone" in the hope of maintaining the inflow of tourists.

But it did not take long for the government and the people of Nepal to realise that, given the rapid spread of the virus in the southern neighbour India, it would only be a matter of time before more cases were reported in Nepal. It took until March 23. While many had already speculated about a possible lockdown, the government announced a nationwide curfew as soon as the second case became known, following India's drastic approach. Unless they have a special permission, people are only allowed to leave their homes to buy food and see a doctor. What was initially set at one week has already been extended until April 8. International flights are also suspended until April 15.

In Nepal, given the poor health system, utmost caution is called for. However, many have pointed out that the lockdown has hit the already vulnerable people the hardest. Especially in urban areas, people from the lower classes and castes are often dependent on daily wages and do not have the means to feed their families, pay rent and school fees without a regular income. For them, social distancing and #stayathome is not an option as they are often crammed together, cannot buy in bulk and lack access to water. As the Indian journalist Rana Ayyub recently stated: Social distancing is a privilege.

Photo 1 & 3: Street scenes in south Kathmandu during the first day of the nationwide lockdown.

Photo 2: Coronavirus info board outside of a school in south Kathmandu.

Photo 4: No regular flights are departing from Tribhuvan Airport, Nepal’s only international airport, until April 15.

Olivia Vallada i #SãoPaulo #Brasilien Coronakris

Olivia Vallada i #SãoPaulo #Brasilien

Coronakrisen har kommit att påverka hela världen. I krissituationer är det viktigt att hysteri och panik inte bryter ut. Ledare måste nu visa solidaritet och leda sina länder ut ur en global kris. Detta är något Brasiliens president, Jair Bolsonaro, har fått mycket kritik för. Bolsonaro kritiseras för att inte ta coronakrisen seriöst och anklagas även för att sprida falsk information. I hans senaste tal kallar han corona viruset ”en liten förkylning” och påstår att atleter, som han själv, inte blir smittade av viruset.

Många i Brasilien är mycket upprörda över hur deras president inte tar den globala krisen på allvar. Därmed har befolkningen runt om i Brasilien kollektivt gått ihop för att demonstrera mot Bolsonaro under karantänen. Klockan halv nio varje kväll slår brasilianare allt vad de har på kastruller och gör så mycket ljud de kan för att visa sitt missnöje.

Utöver befolkningen har Bolsonaro även hamnat i strid med guvernörerna som går emot det han säger och vill ta andra återgärder för att hantera krisen. De ser mer allvarligt på coronaviruset och vill följa det The World Health Organization rekommenderar. Det kvarstår nu att se hur det kommer att gå för Brasilien under denna kris.

Alice Agnéus in #Babati #Tanzania The citizens o

Alice Agnéus in #Babati #Tanzania

The citizens of Babati District point out numerous challenges in both urban and rural areas that are linked to environmental conservation. One of these challenges concerns the Babati Lake which is part of the Babati Town.

Babati District has a population of more than 300 000 and is situated in the Arusha region. The town has expanded rapidly in the last 10 years. Previous development projects and foreign financial aid have contributed to an increased living standard for the majority of the people. However, the population is growing and without proper practices of environmental conservation the ecosystem will suffer.

Locals are seeing alarming signs of decreased water levels and smaller sized fishes. The reason is poor environmental conservation says Bryceson Msangi, Environmental Management Officer in Babati District Council. He says that nylon fishnets have been banned due to their inability to dissolve in nature when left at the bottom of the lake. He then points out pollution as well as overfishing as possible reasons for the smaller sized fishes. These types of environmental issues have not been assessed due to lack of financial support from the government and the absence of foreign donors.

#environmentalissues #sustainability #environmentalconservation

Hanna Geschewski in #TangiyaBasti #Nepal Every Fe

Hanna Geschewski in #TangiyaBasti #Nepal

Every February Buddhists throughout the Himalayan region celebrate Gyalpo Losar to welcome the New Year. The term is derived from the Tibetan words Lo for year and Sar for new. In Nepal, Gyalpo Losar is mainly celebrated by Sherpa and Tibetans, while other Buddhist ethnic groups, such as the Tamang, have their own versions at different times of the year. But although Tamang traditionally celebrate their New Year, known as Sonam Losar, five weeks before Gyalpo Losar, they also come together for the Tibetan New Year festival.

I was lucky to attend the celebrations at the Lama House in Tangiya Basti, a Tamang dominated village in southern Nepal. The grandfather spent the whole morning chanting rites in Tibetan and later gave each family member a blessing and a ceremonial khata shawl. After all prayers were said, the whole Lama family gathered to eat buffalo meat with rice and lentils.

Hanna Geschewski in #TangiyaBasti #Nepal On my fi

Hanna Geschewski in #TangiyaBasti #Nepal

On my first day in Tangiya Basti I noticed huge fields with large-leaved, lush green plants. My question to some residents, if it was a special kind of spinach, caused loud laughter. "Sister, this is for cigarettes. You can't eat that!" So I found out that one of the main sources of income in Tangiya Basti is tobacco. Every February and March people spend weeks collecting the leaves, drying them and later packing them into bundles before Surya Nepal, the largest cigarette manufacturer in the country, sends trucks to pick up the dried leaves and take them to their nearby factory in Simara.

Although tobacco is still very widespread in Tangiya Basti, it is slowly being replaced by other crops such as corn. People have begun to notice negative effects on their health after the daily handling of tobacco leaves. They also realized that it is not safe for their children to play near the fields. Most of the farmers I spoke to told me that the risk simply wasn't worth taking.

Lovisa Lantz in #Glasgow #Scotland Sarah Laurand,

Lovisa Lantz in #Glasgow #Scotland

Sarah Laurand, at Glasgow Caledonian University, stand in solidarity with employees at universities throughout the United Kingdom.

The University and College Union (UCU) has called for a 14 days strike action to address universities’ failure to improve pay, pensions and working conditions. Staff at the University of Glasgow reports a 20% pay cut in real terms since 2009 and an insecure working environment, with 60% of the employees under casual contracts. It is the third big strike action in three years, concerning 15 universities in Scotland and 74 all together throughout the UK. Potentially affecting 1.2 million students according to The Guardian. UCU general secretary Jo Grady says: “If universities want to avoid further disruption then they need to get their representatives back to the negotiating table with serious options to resolve these disputes.” #UCUstrike #universityofglasgow #fourfights #education #genderequality

Orfeas Georgakakis Paulsson in #Dar es-Salaam #Tan

Orfeas Georgakakis Paulsson in #Dar es-Salaam #Tanzania

Beatrice Kimaro is 26 years old and lives in Tanzania's most populous city, Dar es-Salaam. She has been involved in the Youth United Nations Association in Tanzania since she started high school and is now pursuing her undergraduate studies in law. Apart from studying, she is a part-time trainee at the United Nations Association of Tanzania, where she, among other things, develops and simplifies strategic documents to make it easier for young people to understand their contents. – My favorite goal is Goal 17, Partnership for the Goals. I see great importance in working across all borders to create sustainable development in the world. All countries have a responsibility to do their part to avoid other countries or groups that are not developing. – We see, for example, that more countries have started investing in Tanzania when it comes to trade, but also when it comes to building bridges with civil society organizations. For instance, there are several embassies in Dar es-Salaam that have shown interest in the way that our organization works with the sustainable development goals and have offered their cooperation. It shows that there is a will to work together towards reaching The Sustainable Development Goals. After all, we are stronger together!

At this moment, Tanzania suffers from a chronic and growing trade deficit as it imports twice as much as it exports. However, due to the increase of the country’s hydrocarbon and coal reserves, the deficit is expected to decline sharply in the coming years. That being said, a successful sustainable development agenda requires partnerships between governments, the private sector, and civil society.

@una_tz @fnforbundet #sustainabledevelopmentgoals #agenda2030 #unaTanzania #SDGs

Hanna Geschewski in #TangiyaBasti #Nepal For 25 y

Hanna Geschewski in #TangiyaBasti #Nepal

For 25 years, the construction of Nepal's second international airport has been in limbo. When many thought that the project would never come to life, the late Minister of Tourism Rabindra Adhikari revived the plan to build an airport on almost 8000 ha of mainly forested land near the small town of Nijgadh, about 75 km as the crow flies southeast of Kathmandu. While many see the airport as Nepal's "gateway" to development, the project has also attracted much criticism due to the need for large-scale tree felling and other negative impacts on the regional ecology.

What is often overlooked is that almost 9000 people would also have to be resettled for the construction. Most of them currently live in the village of Tangiya Basti in the middle of the Nijgadh forest. For my master's thesis I decided to travel to Tangiya Basti and look at environmental and social justice issues related to the planning, construction and operation of the airport. In the following weeks I will publish impressions of my stay in Tangiya Basti.

Photo 1: Sketch of the airport construction site

Photo 2: Way through the Nijgadh forest to Tangiya Basti

Photo 3: The fence to enclose the designated airport site

Photo 4: A typical wooden house and barn in Tangiya Basti

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